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Four Futures: Life After Capitalism (Jacobin), by Peter Frase
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Capitalism is going to end
Peter Frase argues that increasing automation and a growing scarcity of resources, thanks to climate change, will bring it all tumbling down. In Four Futures, Frase imagines how this post-capitalist world might look, deploying the tools of both social science and speculative fiction to explore what communism, rentism, socialism and exterminism might actually entail.
Could the current rise of real-life robocops usher in a world that resembles Ender’s Game? And sure, communism will bring an end to material scarcities and inequalities of wealth—but there’s no guarantee that social hierarchies, governed by an economy of “likes,” wouldn’t rise to take their place. A whirlwind tour through science fiction, social theory and the new technologies already shaping our lives, Four Futures is a balance sheet of the socialisms we may reach if a resurgent Left is successful, and the barbarisms we may be consigned to if those movements fail.
- Sales Rank: #29707 in Books
- Published on: 2016-10-11
- Released on: 2016-10-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 7.70" h x .50" w x 5.20" l, .81 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 160 pages
Review
“An engaging thought experiment on the intersection of technology and the environment. Indeed, as we ponder the interplay between digital abundance and physical scarcity, the digital industrialist solutions of most thinkers in this space pale in comparison to Frase’s more open-minded, less deterministic understanding of the future unfolding before us.”
—Douglas Rushkoff, author of Program or Be Programmed and Present Shock
“A remarkably clear-eyed view of the futures we’re facing, bringing humor and intelligence to the lab of speculative fiction to create four smart and sharply lit early warning signals.”
—Warren Ellis, author of Gun Machine and Transmetropolitan
“Are the robots eating our jobs? Will technology set us free? These questions aren’t new, but Frase’s approach to answering them is refreshingly inventive. Four Futures is a thought-provoking work of political speculation. This incisive little book offers the vital reminder that nothing is set in stone—or silicon—and that in order to fight for a better world we first need to be able to imagine it.”
—Astra Taylor, author of The People’s Platform
About the Author
Peter Frase is an editor at Jacobin magazine, a Ph.D. candidate in Sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center, and has written for In These Times and Al Jazeera. He lives in New York City.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Highly Recommended
By Yousaf Nishat-Botero
In "Four Futures", Peter Frase argues that 21st century Capitalism, haunted by the specters of ecological catastrophe and automation, is in a contradictory dual crisis. Ecological catastrophe generates problems of scarcity, while automation generates the problems/promises of abundance. For Frase, it is the interaction of these two opposed dynamics that make our historical moment full of both promise and danger. We can neither return to a "Fordist" past, nor hold on to neoliberal capitalism. For Frase, something new is coming, and as Rosa Luxembourg said, it is either a "transition to socialism or regression into barbarism."
Frase's speculative writing is not a secular eschatology setting a firm end date to capitalism. Following the sociologist Wolfgang Streeck, he warns against viewing abstractions like "capitalism" and "socialism" as social systems with discrete endings; a mistake too many socialists and apocalyptic preachers have made. In sketching out possibilities rather than likelihoods, Frase takes automation as a constant, with ecological crisis and class power as variables. This model posits that, depending on contingencies and political developments, we can end up in a world of either scarcity or abundance, alongside either hierarchy or equality. Such a typology leaves us with the possibility of Communism (Abundance & Equality), Socialism (Scarcity & Equality), Rentism (Abundance & Hierarchy), or Exterminism (Scarcity & Hierarchy). Frase dedicates a chapter to each of these futures, and in each chapter emphasizes a key theme that is relevant to the world we live in now.
Unlike other publications on such topics, which have become an entire sub-genre in recent years, "Four Futures" emphasizes the importance of politics, particularly a politics of class struggle. As a result, Frase avoids the technocratic-utopianism of books like "The Second Machine Age", and certain strands of Accelerationism, which are part of a larger 21st century philosophical movement known as "Speculative Realism". Avoiding the nihilist fatalism of the Left, what philosopher Slavoj Žižek has called a Left-Fukuyamaism, Frase successfully writes a work of "speculative social science", presenting Dystopias that function as critique and Utopias to build towards.
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Fascinating and I’m sure controversial, but also makes you think.
By atmj
This book examines what comes after capitalism. My first response when I read the title of this book was….”What?” I don’t know about you, but I was not anticipating it’s end. So, the title hooked me. As a person who does not follow politics or economics, the author filled me in with some of the ideas of how social systems such as economics and politics work in a broad sense. It was especially interesting to see the implications of technology and climate change. As an engineer, these I understand, but not necessarily the social side.
In a nutshell those of us who imagine our future can veer from Star Trek to Mad Max and this book covers that gamut with a few other variations. There is also the general health of the planet to consider.
The book is short and very conversational. You can imagine having these conversations at a party of what is next in the world. For this reason too, it is also very subjective. Since we seem to be able to argue about whether or not we have damaged the planet, you also imagine how subjective/controversial some of these other ideas are since they include some options like a universal wage, property ownership, distribution of wealth and such. But that does not mean it is not a fascinating read. As much as I cringed when I read about a universal wage (I’m a bit conservative), the logic and reasons were quite compelling.
Overall, this book held my interest and for a person who does not following many sociological issues (my bad), this book made me feel a bit more informed on many of the topics that will impact our future. As there is so much here in a short book, I do plan to read it again. If nothing else you also find a treasure trove of Sci-Fi references.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Thought Provoking, Informative, Useful Theories For The Future
By LAURI CRUMLEY COATES
For those of us who are not economic specialists, this is a great place to start if you have ever wondered what might follow the economic world the U.S. inhabits right now. I found the actual premise interesting.......I never gave a thought to capitalism being gone, myself.
The author delivers theories in a great manner, making them easy to understand, explaining everything in enough detail for those of us with little knowledge about the subject up front can actually follow what's being discussed. There's no doubt, looking at the rest of the world, that change is coming and we need to be ready. This is the sort of book you hang on to, knowing that you will be rereading parts of it in the future, and possibly loaning it to others for their use. With changes in global climate, technology, population, and more, the author delivers a great bit of info that makes sense.....but not everyone will agree, of course. This makes the book a great topic of family discussion or group meetings regarding policy, etc. Possibly controversial, but definitely thought provoking!
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